Claude Bernard

About the author

Claude Bernard (1813–1878) is regarded as the founder of experimental medicine. After failing his baccalaureate and then as a playwright, he did not follow a conventional academic path. His work in a pharmacy, however, made him aware of how ineffective the remedies of his day were and steered him toward medicine.

He went on to a distinguished career in medical research, and set out its method in books that became classics.